盐业体制改革为何难——基于政策网络的分析

Why It Is Hard to Reform Salt Industry System?——An Analysis based on Policy Networks

我国盐业体制改革具有政策"难产"和方案"缩水"的显著特征,盐业体制改革的这种政策产出源于盐业政策网络结构的特征。在多元行动者构成的政策网络中,尽管改革联盟利用议题网络和专业网络的优势在舆论宣传上成功设置了改革议题,但以府际网络和生产者网络为基础的专营联盟利用其制度性资源和结构性力量上的优势,通过向政策社群进行方案倡议和直接游说的方式,有效地阻止了完全市场化改革方案的出台。盐业体制改革的困境反映了我国垄断行业政策改革的共同特点。在全面深化改革时期,最高决策者要及时对各个领域的政策网络结构进行策略性管理,增强改革者并削弱垄断利益集团的制度性资源和结构性力量,为重大改革创造有利的政策网络条件。

China's salt industry reforming has the characteristics of'dystocia'and'shrinking'of the program. The policy output of the salt system reforming stems from the characteristics of the salt policy network structure.In a policy network constituted by pluralist actors, the monopoly coalition, based on intergovernmental and producer networks, leveraging its institutional resources and structural strength, despite the fact that the reform coalition has successfully set the agenda for reform in terms of the advantages of issue networks and professional networks, effectively discourage the introduction of a fully market-oriented reform program through program initiatives and direct lobbying to the policy community. The dilemma of the salt industry reform reflects the common characteristics of the policy reform of monopoly industries in China. In the period of comprehensively deepening reform,the highest decision-makers should timely carry out strategic management of the policy network structure in various fields, strengthen the institutional resources and structural forces of the reformers and weaken the monopoly interest groups, and create favorable policy network conditions for major reforms.