多族群社会的国家治理——对比利时国家改革的研究

State Governance in a Multi-ethnic Society——A Study of the State Reform in Belgium

比利时六次国家改革都是围绕着国家结构形式的变化这一中心议题,具体表现在建立与完善联邦制两个方面。比利时国家改革的最重要动因是族群分歧可能引发的国家分裂,因而社群这一关乎文化的权力主体优先被设立并分获中央权力,然后是偏重社会、经济权力的大区。联邦制的分权设计契合了比利时这一多族群国家的需求,并通过不断的修补与完善,保证了国家治理的有效性。比利时在历经了各次国家改革,多次政府难产后,仍能够维持社会的有效运作。

The topic of the six state reforms in Belgium is the transformation of state structure, which focuses on the construction and optimization of the federalism. The possible emergence of State secession owing to the divergence of ethnic groups is the driving force of state reform in Belgium. As a result, communities which concentrate on the cultural power of the state are set up in the first place and share part of central power. Later are the regions which focus on social and economic power. The division of power in federalism meets the demands of the multi-ethnic state in Belgium. Through continuous modification and optimization, the effectiveness of state governance is maintained. Belgium is able to sustain an effective society after several crises of government formation and State reforms.