工作场所正念:研究述评与展望

Mindfulness in the Workplace: A Literature Review and Prospects

"正念"(mindfulness)是源自东方佛教的一个古老概念,正念在工作场所研究中被定义为"一种对当前事件和经历的可接受的注意力和觉知"(Brown等,2007)。近年来,西方已有实证研究发现正念对工作场所员工幸福感、工作绩效、领导力水平等有积极影响,正念训练在一些知名公司已得到实际应用并获得员工好评,正念研究在工作场所未来潜力巨大。但此类研究尚未在国内引起重视。基于国外现有研究成果,本文介绍了正念的起源、概念内涵和测量情况。继而从正念的前因变量、结果变量和正念作为调节变量三方面,对工作场所正念相关实证研究和理论探索成果进行归纳总结。在此基础上构建了既有研究成果框架图,并就前因变量、结果变量、调节作用、测量和研究方法、本土化研究等方面的不足,提出研究展望。

Mindfulness is an ancient concept, whose roots lie in Eastern Buddhist thought.Mindfulness in the workplace is defined as ＂a receptive attention to and awareness of present events and experience＂ by Brown etc （2007）. In recent years, some empirical studies in the west have shown the positive effects of mindfulness in the workplace, such as employee well-being, job performance, and leadership effectiveness. Mindfulness training has been applied and has been well received by quite a few well-known companies. Mindfulness research in the workplace has great potential in the future. But this line of research still needs to be developed in China. Based on the existing research results,this paper first introduces the origin, concept connotation and measurement of mindfulness. Then, it classifies the mindfulness in three aspects： the antecedent variables, the outcome variables and mindfulness as a moderating variable. It summarizes related empirical research and theoretical exploration achievements. On this basis, it systematically constructs a framework based on existing research results. It points out the problems of antecedents, outcome variables, measurement ＆ research ways and contextualized research and provides a roadmap for future development.