从宋到清理学背景下的李清照“再嫁”之争

The Dispute of Li Qingzhao's “Remarry” under the Background of Neo-Confucianism from the Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty

关于李清照"再嫁"问题,从宋到清,围绕着是否"再嫁",众学者展开了激烈的讨论,令人惊讶的是,与李清照同时代或稍后一点的学者,基本上都认为她"再嫁"是事实;而自元代始迨及清代,学者却普遍不接受"再嫁"的说法,尽力模糊或抹杀证据,为李清照"再嫁"开脱释嫌。美国汉学家艾朗诺(Ronald Egan)认为,今天人们认知的李清照,并非是历史中真实的李清照,而是经过了各朝各代学者们不断演绎"重塑"的李清照。才女李清照及其接受史,是一部天才女性被男性作家边缘、歧视、宽容、接受、膜拜的观念史,也是一部天才女性以自己的力量、方式挑战、反抗、影响、征服男性作家的心灵史。李清照接受史,显然与宋代以来操纵主流话语权的士大夫们女性观的变动息息相关,而这种变动实际也是理学在宋代滥觞、清代衰颓的结果。

On the problem of Li Qingzhao＇s ＂remarry＂, many scholars launched a fierce debate around whether ＂remarry＂ from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. Surprisingly, the scholars of the same or later age with Li Qingzhao basically all thought that her ＂remarry＂ is a fact; and from the beginning of Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty the scholars generally rejected ＂remarry＂, and try to obliterate or fuzzy evidence to release Li Qingzhao. American Sinologist Alanno （Ronald Egan） believes that today＇s people＇s cognition of Li Qingzhao is not the real Li Qingzhao in history, but the ＂remodeling＂ of Li Qingzhao through the continuous interpret by generations of scholars. Li Qingzhao and her acceptance history is the idea history of a genius woman to be marginalized, discriminated, condoned, accepted and worshipped by the male writers, and it is also a soul history of a genius woman to challenge, resistance, impact, conquer the male writer＇s mind by her own power. Li Qingzhao s acceptance history apparently closely related to the female view＇s changes of scholar bureaucrats who are the manipulation of the mainstream discourse since the Song Dynasty. The changes are also the result of Neo-Confucianism＇s beginning in Song Dynasty and decadence in Qing Dynasty.