高等教育改革与大学生就业

Higher Education Reforms and College Graduate Employment

国际劳工组织的报告表明,青年就业问题已经成为近年来困扰各国的最严重的劳动关系问题。我国大学生就业是青年就业的重要组成部分,对于国家的经济发展,建立人力资源强国和创新型国家都具有深远意义。高等教育作为和劳动力市场衔接最为紧密的教育阶段,存在明显的人才配置能力不足的问题。本文立足于促进大学毕业生高质量就业,从高等教育改革的视角提出系统的政策建议。从总量上,高等教育规模应该继续适度扩大,着力提高大学生就业能力;从结构调整上,优化高校的层次结构、科类结构、布局结构,促进办学自主权和均衡化;从内部工作上,厘清高校在大学生创业中的定位,提高创业成功率和改进教师创业政策,把＂就业质量＂纳入就业指导工作进行考核,采取灵活学制,用互联网技术来创新教学形式。

The International Labor Organization （ILO） report shows that the youth employment problem is the world＇s most serious problem of labor relations. College graduate employment, as the main component of youth employment, has far-reaching significance for a country＇s economic development, and for the establishment of a country with strong human resource and innovation. Higher education is the transitional stage that ties education and labor market. However, it is now severely hmited by its ability of rational allocation of talents. With the purpose of improving quality of college graduate employment, this paper suggests several policy recommendations from the perspective of higher education reforms. In terms of scale, higher education should continue to moderately e enhancing college students＇ job-seeking capacities; in terms of structure xpand, adjustm meanwhile ent, higher education should refine its vertical structure, horizontal structure, and disciplinary structure, and further university autonomy and equalization; in terms of the micro-level, interuniversity affairs, individual university should clarify its position in relation to students＇ entrepreneurship, refine university pohcies regarding success rate and teacher entrepreneurship, include ＂graduate employment quality＂ as one of the key indicators when conducting performance evaluations of departments, adopt flexible enrollment systems, and implement creative teaching methods that involving, but not limited to, the Internet technology.