儒家“理性人”对经济学“理性人”假设边界的拓展

The Confucian “Rational Person” Expands the Boundary of the Hypothesis of Economics “Rational Person”

理性与人性存在密切的联系。儒家人性论的"性善论"决定了儒家的"理性"注重价值判断,是一种价值理性;基督教的"性恶论"决定了经济学"理性人"假设的"理性"注重功利计算,是一种工具理性,具有自身的局限性。经济学的合约理论是建立在经济学"理性人"假设基础之上的,但合约本身并不足以保证签约各方某项权利或义务的成立。为了保证合约中当事人的权利和义务的执行,需要当事人之间进行沟通;同时,合约理论还必须假定一个道德原则的有效性,儒家"理性人"为经济学"理性人"假设提供了这个道德原则,也就是忠信原则,这就是儒家"理性人"对经济学"理性人"假设边界的拓展。

Rationality is extricably linked with humanity. The ＂Goodness of Human Nature＂ in Confucian theory has determined that the Confucian ＂Rationality＂ puts emphasis on value judgement, which is a kind of value rationality . Christian ＂Evil Nature＂ has determined the hypothetical ＂Rationality＂ of an economic ＂Rational Person＂ focuses on utilitarian calculation ,thus is rather an instru- mental tool, having its limitation, for instance, two parties participate in economic activities from their respective rationality which can cause non maximal Nash Equilibrium. Even though economic contract theory is established based on the economic ＂Rational Person＂ Hypothesis, the contract itself is not sufficient enough to ensure the validity of both parties＇ certain right or obligation. As to ensure the parties＇ implementation of their right and obligation in the contract, parties should communicate with each other ; Meanwhile, the con- tract theory should presume the validity of moral principle.The Confucian ＂Rational Person＂ has provided the moral principle which is known as the ＂loyal ＆ Sincere＂ principle, for the economic ＂Rational Person＂ hypothesis. It has expanded the concept of the hypothe- sis of economic ＂rational person＂.