失独创伤后的身心障碍及其影响因素分析

Psychological and physiological disorder of the trauma caused by losing the only child in the family,and their influence factors

"失独"对家庭来说是一个极大的打击,是重大的急性应激的一种情况,会引发个体强烈的心理和生理反应,普遍地对个体产生近期和长期的创伤性后果,严重影响个体的身心健康。目前我国失独家庭群体巨大,失独家庭人员年龄的逐渐增大,其养老问题和心理健康越来越成为非常突出的问题和热点。国内失去子女的相关研究大多是地震后失去亲人的研究,针对失去独生子女的父母单一研究非常少。国外有关失去子女父母心理健康影响因素的研究逐渐聚焦于父母有关生命意义的认知重建、子女去世早期父母所经历的自杀意念以及父母自身的依恋模式等因素产生心理反应的影响,此外还要综合考虑子女去世的原因、时程、年龄,父母的性别、人格特质、社会支持等因素的影响。因文化地域等差异这些因素对我国失独家庭心理健康的影响是否存在需要进一步求证。

＂Shidu Parents＂ are the parents who lost their only child. ＂Shidu＂ is undoubtedly a great blow to the family,and a situation of the serious acute stress. ＂Shidu＂ can initiate individual＇s strong psychological and physical reaction,cause the near-term and long-term traumatic response to individual generally,and affect individual＇s physical and psychological health seriously. Currently,in China, ＂Shidu＂ family is a huge amount. They are getting old,and their supporting problem and their psychological health are becoming the noticeable problem and hot issue. Relevant researches on the loss of children in domestic are mainly the research on the loss of relatives after the earthquake,but there is very rare single research on the parents who lost their only child. Overseas researchers point out that the loss of children can greatly impact on the parents＇ physical health and psychological health. The overseas research on the influencing factors on the psychological health of the parents who lost their children is gradually focusing on cognitive restructuring of life meaning,and how the suicidal ideation the parents experienced in the early stage of their children＇s death and their attachment styles influencing the psychological reaction after experiencing the traumatic event of losing their children. In addition, the death reason ,the time ,and the age of the children ,and the gender,personality traits,and the social support of the parents shall be considered. Because of the cultural and regional differences,the existence or the in existence of these factors impacting on the psychological health of ＂Shidu＂ family needs further verification.