固化/稳定化技术应用于重金属污染土壤修复的研究进展

Research Progress of Chemical Washing Remediation on Heavy-metal Contaminated Soils

有害重金属对土壤的污染是全球亟待解决的环境问题。固化/稳定化作为一种相对成熟、经济、有效的土壤修复技术,是目前我国土壤重金属修复的最主要技术。固化/稳定化修复技术通过向土壤中添加固化/稳定化剂,从而将污染物封存或改变其形态,达到减少其迁移性、生物有效性及浸出毒性的目的。本文介绍了固化/稳定化技术修复重金属污染土壤,总结常用的固化/稳定化剂种类及其对重金属污染土壤的修复机理和影响因素,并归纳了几种用于固化/稳定化修复效果评价的方法,最后针对固化/稳定化修复过程中存在的问题,提出今后发展的方向。

Hazardous heavy metal pollution of soils is an increasingly urgent problem all over the world. Immobilization/stabilization has become the main technology of remediation for heavy metal contaminated soils due to its technical-maturity, cost-effectiveness and high-efficiency. Immobilization/stabilization decreases the mobility, bioavailability and leaching toxicity of heavy metal ions through storing pollutants or changing its forms by adding solidification/stabilization agents. This paper introduced the immobilization/stabilization for remediation on heavy-metal contaminated soils and reviewed the commonly used solidification/stabilization agents including its remediation mechanism and the factors on affecting the remediation. Further more, several evaluation methods for treatment effect were summarized. Finally, the future development direction was put forward for the existing problems of immobility/stability.