中国养老服务市场化改革三十年的回顾与反思

Retrospect and Reflection:Chinese Market-oriented Reform of Services for the Elderly in the Past Thirty Years

自1986年民政部制定1986—1990年五年规划以来,我国养老服务的市场化探索已经进行了三十年。从初始阶段的"政府包办"到后来"养老服务市场化、产业化"的变迁,这种探索深刻体现了我国经济社会转型期的特征。2011年以来,我国政府从产业调整和经济转型的高度对养老服务业进行重新认识,不断推进养老服务市场化改革。但在实践中,政府权责定位不当、市场运行效率不高、市场供给能力有限等仍是改革过程中所面临的难点问题。为深入推进改革,需要从宏观、中观、微观的不同层面就顶层设计、管理机制、服务内容等多方面持续改进和完善,以实现为老年人提供更加优质服务的终极目标。

Since the Ministry of civil affairs making the second five-year plan in 1986, China＇s market - oriented exploration of ser＇＇ices for the elderly has been carried out for thirty years. Those changes have happened from u arranged by the govemmentH in the early stage to marketization and industrialization of services for the elderly,which deeply reflected the characteristics of China＇s eco-nomic and social transition period. The Chinese government has recognized again the ser＇＇ices industr＇＇ for the elderly on the standpoint of the adjustment of industrial and economic transfor＇nation since 2011,and continued to promote market-oriented refor＇n of services for the elderly. But these reform still be interrupted by some factors,such as improper positioning of government power,low efficiency of market operation,limited market supply capacity and other issues in practice,which ask for continuous thinking of how to achieving the discharge pipe and the guide,fully fair and orderly competition,service industr＇＇ and specialization. That needs to continuously promote the reform from the top-level design,the management mechanism,contents and style of ser＇＇ices in the different level in order to a-chieve the ultimate goal of providing better service for the elderly.