城市困境儿童救助的效果评价与政策选择——基于N市的经验研究

Effect Evaluation and the Policy Choice of Aid for Urban Children in Difficult Circumstances——Study on the Experience of N City

当前城市儿童救助实务领域主要存在困境儿童家庭的经济生计窘迫、司法保障乏力、社会福利资源不足、社会支持和专业能力建设不强、监护人能力欠缺等问题。对此,发达国家已经形成了社会保障兜底经济困境、司法系统提供规则框架、社会力量多元参与、重视多系统多专业分工合作的儿童保护体系。我国应借鉴发达国家儿童保护领域的有益经验,在后续的城市困境儿童救助工作中完善司法和社会救助制度,鼓励困境儿童救助向职业化发展,吸引专业人才进入并搭建合作平台,变当下政府购买服务模式为岗位和项目分类购买模式,从而促进儿童救助事业的良性发展。

Currently,the major problems in the practical urban children＇s aid areas are the economic distress affecting the chil-dren＇s families,ineffective judicial protection,insufficient social welfare resources,lack of community support and inability of non-professionals ,compromised capacity of the guardians and so on. To address these problems,developed countries have formed a children protection system that emphasizing multi-systemic and multi-disciplinary collaboration,involving social security system to relief eco-nomic stress, judicial system to provide a framework of rules, and multiple social forces to contribute. China should learn from these precious experiences in children＇s aid,improve the judicial and social relief system in the subsequent work,encourage the professional development of children＇s aid,attract professionals and construct a collaboration platfor＇n,as well as transfor＇n from the current seryice -purchasing model to the position/program-purchasing model,thereby promoting the healthy development of children＇s aid.