治水与中华农业文明的形成与发展

Water Conservancy and the Formation and Development of Chinese Agricultural Civilization

治水在中华农业文明发展过程中居于重要地位,不同时期的治水活动都对农业文明发展进程产生了重要影响:史前时期,人类治水活动催生了中华农业文明的曙光;夏商时期,我国沟洫农业和灌溉农业出现;春秋战国时期,郑国渠、都江堰的修建,形成了关中、巴蜀等灌区,有力地推动了农业文明的发展;秦汉时期,秦始皇治水和王景治水,促使了我国农业经济重心在黄河流域形成;三国魏晋南北朝时期,淮河中下游成为重要的农业经济区域;自隋唐开始,随着南方农田水利的迅速发展,我国经济重心逐渐南移;隋唐至宋朝时期,长江中下游和珠江流域成为全国的经济中心,中华农业文明的根基基本形成。

Water control plays an important role in the development of Chinese agricultural civilization. In prehistoric times,people's water-control activities create the dawn of Chinese agricultural civilization. In Xia and Shang dynasties,China' s irrigation ditch agriculture and irrigation agriculture emerged. During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States period,the construction of the Zhengguo Canal and Dujiang Weir formed the irrigation areas of the central Shaanxi plain and Ba Shu,which effectively promoted the development of agricultural civilization. During Qin and Han dynasties,Qin Shihuang and Wang Jing respectively controlled the water,which led to the formation of China's agricultural economic center in the Yellow River basin. During the Three Kingdoms,Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties,the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River became an important agricultural economic region.Since Sui and Tang dynasties,because of the rapid development of farmland water conservancy in the south,the economic center of the country gradually shifted to the south. During Sui and Song dynasties,the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River basin became the economic center of the whole country,which formed the foundation of the Chinese agricultural civilization.