三峡水库污染物来源及变化趋势分析

Analysis on source and variation trends of pollutants in Three Gorges Reservoir

三峡水库是国家重要的战略淡水资源库,通过对1996~2014年间三峡库区污染物排放资料的系统整理,对其污染物来源及变化趋势进行研究。研究结果表明:三峡库区主要污染物排放情况变化明显,废污水排放总体呈下降趋势,污水处理率上升较快但仍有提高空间;农药施用总量先增后降并逐渐趋于稳定,单位面积施用量总体呈下降趋势,高毒害有机磷农药使用仍然普遍;化肥施用量波动较大,重氮磷、轻钾肥倾向有加重趋势;船舶运输呈现出客流减少、货运增加趋势,所排放各类废污水污染严重。库区各类型污染源排放总体上趋稳微降,但形势仍不容乐观。要改善这种状况,必须控污减排、加强处理设施建设并提高处理率和达标率。

After systematic processing of the pollutants discharge data in Three Gorges Reservoir from 1996 to 2014, we stud-ied the source and variation trends of the pollutants discharge data and obtained the conclusions. The variation of the pollutant discharge in Three Gorges Reservoir area was obvious , in general , the amount of pollutant ment ratio rose fast but there is still a room for improvement. The amount of pesticide first tended to stable at last; the amount of pes ticide using per hectare declined , but the usage of highly - poisonous organophosphoruspesticide was still widespread. The using quantity of chemical fertilizer showed a large fluctuation, howevtrogen ad phosphorus was valued much over potash fertilizer still rose; passenger shipping transport reduced but freight shippingtransport increased, various shipping sewage discharge polluted seriously. In general, the total discharged pollutants tended to stable or slightly decreased, but the situation is not optimistic yet. In order to improve this condition, we should control and re-duce the pollutant discharge, strengthen the construction of treatment facilities and improve the ard rate.