中国民航飞行员疾病患病率的Meta分析

Meta-analysis of prevalence in Chinese civil aviation pilots

目的基于Meta分析了解我国民航飞行员各种疾病的患病率，研究民航飞行员的疾病现状与特点，从而为改善飞行员体质提供依据。方法检索自数据库收录以来至2016年6月在中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库等数据库中有关民航飞行员体检相关的中文文献。采用Open Meta[Analyst]软件进行单个率的合并，并以患病率（或检出率）及95％CI表示，同时依据研究对象特征进行亚组分析。采用STATA软件进行发表偏倚检验。结果共纳入26篇文献，研究对象总人数为122424人，年龄为16-73岁。检出的主要疾病涉及到心血管系统、肝脏、眼以及血生化指标异常等。Meta分析结果显示，高血压患病率为9．2％（95％CI为7．1％-11．4％，I^2=98％）；超重和肥胖检出率为42．2％（95％CI为29．0％-55．5％，I^2=100％）；血脂异常检出率为38．2％（95％CI为24．1％-52．4％，I^2=100％），其中甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常检出率分别为28．0％（I^2=98％）、19．9％（I^2=99％）、23．4％（I^2=97％）和19．3％（I^2=98％）；高血糖和高尿酸血症的检出率分别为3．1％（95％CI为0．7％-5．6％，I^2=95％）和22．6％（95％CI为18．5％-26．6％，I^2=79％）；脂肪肝和胆囊息肉检出率分别为20．2％（95％CI为10．4％-30．0％，I^2=98％）和5．2％（95％CI为4．7％-5．8％，I^2=0％）；白内障和视力不良检出率分别为0．2％（95％CI为0．1％-0．3％，I^2=80％）和9．4％（95％CI为9．0％-9．7％，I^2=0％）；10．2％飞行员检出听力下降（I^2=54％）。不同年龄间高血压患病率也存在一定差异。结论目前我国民航飞行员超重和肥胖、血脂异常、高尿酸血症、脂肪肝、高血压等疾病患病率较高，应采取相应措施，提高民航飞行员的体质。

Objective To evaluate and analyze the prevalence of various diseases in Chinese civil aviation pilots, and to provide the basis of improving the fitness of pilots. Methods The information of physical examinations of civil aviation pilots up to June of 2016 was extracted from the literatures included by CBM, China Journal Fulhext Database, China Scientific Journal Database and Wanfang Data. Open Meta [Analyst] software was used to incorporate the single rate and the outcomes were expressed as prevalence and 950/00 CI, and to analyze the subgroups according to different characteristics of pilots. STATA software was used for publication bias. Results Twentysix literatures were included for meta-analysis and 122 424 persons involved （aging from 16 to 73 yr）. The diseases were mainly cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, eye diseases and abnormal blood biochemical indexes. The Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of various diseases in Chinese civil aviation pilots were： hypertension 9.20/00 （95% CI was 7. 1%-11.4%, I^2=98%）, overweight and obesity 42.2% （95% CI was 29. 0%-55. 5%,I^2=100%）, dyslipidemia 38. 2% （95% CI was 24.1%-52.4 %,I^2=100 %）, in which the prevalence of TG was 28.0 % （I^2= 98 %）, TC was 19.9 % （I^2=99%）, HDL-C was 23. 4% （12 =97%）, and LDL-Cwas19.3% （I^2=98%）. The prevalence of hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia was respectively 3.1% （95% CI was 0.7%-5.6%, 12 =95%） and 22.6% （95% CI was 18.5%-26.6%, I^2=79%）. The prevalence of fatty liver and gallbladder polyp was respectively 20.2% （95% CI was 10.4%-30.0%, I^2=98%） and 5.2% （95% CI was 4.7%- 5.8%, I^2=0%）. The prevalence of cataracts and poor vision was respectively 0.2% （95% CI was 0.1%-0.3%, I^2=80%） and 9. 4% （95% CI was 9. 0%-9. 7%, I^2=0%）. 10. 2% pilots were diagnosed as hearing loss （I^2=54 %）. Pilots at different age had different prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions The high incidences of overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, fatty liver and hypertension are found in Chinese civil aviation pilots, and these suggest the importance of countermeasures for improving their healthiness.