隐形知识的转型:马来西亚华人家族制造业研究

Transforming of Implicit Knowledge: Studies of Malaysia Chinese Family Enterprises in the Manufacturing Sector

马来西亚华人家族企业文化的特征是以"家"作为其管理模式,是一种集企业文化与权威于一体的家族文化。在"家族至上"的意识下,企业的成员和个体完全归属于家族,个人利益也须服从于家族利益,一切都以家族利益为重。所有的家族成员都有义务尽全力去追求家族的兴旺、发达和荣耀。家族成员都身居要职,掌握着家族企业的隐性知识和核心秘密。由于马来西亚华人家族的利益和企业利益的高度一致,因此他们都会严守秘密,创新其组织,因而制造出利基产品(Niche Product)而使本身企业在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。当马来西亚华人中小型家族企业(SMEs)经历世代交替之际,这些华人企业却鲜少着重于如何发展其创办人的隐性知识。然而,为确保企业的永续发展,马来西亚华人企业的新一代已开始将隐性知识更加具体化,培育和创新其企业管理、进行企业改革和改善企业的行销技巧。

Southeast Asia with its historical concentration of ethnic Chinese remains an important economic hub encouraging cross-disciplinary inquiries on themes relating to businesses,RD,transforming of knowledge codification,enterprise development and innovation. To date,there has been little empirical research on the capacity of Malaysian Chinese family businesses relating to the China factor. In industrializing Malaysia,where Chinese family small-and-medium-scale enterprises（SMEs）are undergoing a shift from the earlier generation,there is little research on their capacity to codify the implicit knowledge of the founding generation mostly inherited from China,before starting a business in Malaysia. This assessment of Malaysian Chinese family enterprises in the manufacturing sector evaluates how a new generation has innovated their products. Interestingly,tradition may enable these Malaysian Chinese firms to innovate by building on more reliable knowledge and resources,extensively validated over time,and hence reduce development and utilization costs and increase profits from new products. The well trained of 2nd and 3rd generations has been innovated the implicit knowledge to elicit strong and positive feelings on＂Chinese＂identity,increasing the value of new products through RD by embedding past knowledge and facilitating the legitimacy of innovative functionalities and the likelihood of obtaining market acceptance from their niche products.