不同时代测量工具分析厦门地区城乡儿童智力发展的特点

Characteristic of intellectual development on urban and rural children in Xiamen by intelligence scales of different age

目的 探讨使用不同时代智力测验量表分析厦门地区城乡儿童智力发展的特点。方法 采用随机分层抽样法，选取厦门地区 6~16岁城乡儿童 233例，并采用中国 -韦氏儿童智力量表（C-WISC）与韦氏儿童智力量表第四版（WISC-Ⅳ）进行智力测验，分析城乡儿童智力发展的特点。结果 城市儿童的WISC-Ⅳ的译码、背数分测验得分低于C-WISC中的编码、数字广度分测验得分（P＜ 0.05）；WISC-Ⅳ的积木分测验得分低于 C-WISC中的木块图分测验得分（P＜0.05）；WISC-Ⅳ的言语理解指数高于 C-WISC中的言语智商得分（P＜ 0.05）；WISC-Ⅳ的类同分测验得分高于C-WISC中的分类分测验得分（P＜ 0.05）； WISC-Ⅳ的理解分测验得分、知觉推理指数、总智商与 C-WISC中的领悟分测验得分、操作智商、总智商无显著差异（P＞0.05）。农村儿童在 WISC-Ⅳ的各项得分均低于 C-WISC（P＜0.05）。结论 厦门地区城乡儿童智力发展存在差异，城市儿童智力发展均衡，农村儿童智力发展滞后。

Objective To intellectual development of urban and rural children in Xiamen through wechsler intelligence scales of different age. Methods A total of 233 children aged 6-16 years from urban and rural areas in Xiamen were enrolled in this study by random stratified sampling method. C-WISC and WISC-Ⅳ were used to measure the IQ. Results In urban children,the coding and digit span score in WISC-Ⅳ was significantly lower than the corresponding score in the C-WISC （P〈 0.05）;the block design score in WISC-Ⅳ was significantly lower than the corresponding score in C-WISC（P〈 0.05）;the verbal intelligence quotient scorein WISC-Ⅳ was significantly higher than the corresponding score in C-WISC（P〈 0.05）;the similarities score in WISC-Ⅳ was significantly higher than the corresponding score in C-WISC（P〈 0.05）. And there were no significant differences in the scores of comprehension,perception reasoning,total intelligence quotient between the two methods （P〉 0.05）. However,in rural children,each score in WISC-Ⅳ were significantly lower than the corresponding score in C-WISC （P〈 0.05）. Conclusions There is difference on intellectual development between urban and rural children in Xiamen. Urban children’s intellectual development is balanced,but rural children’s intellectual development is lagging behind.