产品造型设计中的思维固化策略及应用

Thinking Fixation Strategy in Product Form Design and Its Application

在产品造型设计中,思维固化是设计师经常面临的问题。采用有意还是克制思维固化策略,是设计师秩序化设计活动中需要考虑的问题。首先,通过分析产品造型设计思维的流程和特点,综合文献成果,提炼了影响思维固化的关键要素,即:创新度要求、设计问题属性、设计师偏好、设计刺激手段;然后,通过建立基于问题域到特征域映射过程的产品造型设计思维固化策略模型,指出关键要素在映射过程中的位置、内容及关系,明朗化各思维阶段与思维固化之间的联系,并且认为有意思维固化策略关键在于框架化知识与偏好集合的不断补充,以及依据具体问题描述和创新度要求的筛选,而克制思维固化策略关键在于设计刺激起点信息的内容、表达形式以及所处设计阶段;最后,将有意和克制思维固化策略应用于实际的产品造型设计项目中,定性评价了思维策略和设计方案。研究表明,有效运用有意或克制思维固化策略,能够提高产品造型设计的效率。

The thinking fixation is a problem that designers face frequently in the product form design. In orderly design activities, it is a question which needs to be considered whether adopt thinking fixation strategy deliberately or restrain it. Firstly, after analyzing the processes and characteristics of design thinking in product form design, it is refined as four key factors which affect the thinking curing, such as： innovation requirement, design problem attribute, designer＇s preference and design stimulus. Secondly, a design thinking fixation strategy model of product form design is set up based on the mapping process from the problem domain to the feature domain, and the content, location and relationship of key elements in the mapping process are pointed out. It is also stated the connection between each mapping stage and thinking fixation. Besides, the deliberate thinking fixation strategy depends on the continuous supplement of the set of frame knowledge and bias, and the screening based on the content of concrete issue and creative demand. The restrained thinking fixation strategy depends on the content, expression and location of the starting information in design stimulation. Finally, the thinking fixation strategy model is applied to an actual product design project, and a qualitative evaluation of thinking strategy and design results are given. The results show that it can improve the efficiency of product form design with the effective utilization of thinking fixation strategy deliberately or restrain it.