剪切波弹性成像在甲状腺癌中的研究进展

Research Progress of Shear Wave Elastography in Thyroid Carcinoma

甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断和甲状腺癌的早期诊断具有重要临床意义,但常规超声检查对恶性结节鉴别诊断的效能较低。而新型剪切波弹性成像技术能够实时、定量检测组织弹性指数模量,且与常规超声、既往超声弹性技术相比,其灵敏度、特异度及重复性明显提高。在不同病理类型的甲状腺癌剪切波弹性成像检查中,弹性指数值有一定差异,其中乳头状癌最多见且容易鉴别。虽然剪切波弹性成像能提高甲状腺癌超声鉴别诊断的准确性,但其诊断参考值种类选择及阈值区间范围仍无统一标准,未来有待深入研究。

The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and the early diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma is of great clinical significance, but the diagnostic efficiency of differential diagnosis of malignant nodules with conventional ultrasonography is still not optimal. Compared with conventional ultrasonography and previous ultrasound elas- tography, new shear wave elastography could examine the quantitative and qualitative elasticity index in real time and signifi- cant increase in sensitivity, specificity and repeatability have been observed. Certain difference of elasticity index is observed in different pathological types of thyroid cancer with shear wave elastography, and the papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common and can be most easily identified. Although shear wave elastography can improve the accuracy of the differential diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma, there is no unified standard for the diagnostic reference value, the type selection and thresh- old range, which needs to be further studied in the future.