强制性标准对合同效力的影响及规范路径

Influence of Compulsory Standard on Contract Effectiveness and Way of Standardization

强制性标准对合同效力的影响,人民法院一般依循"违反强制性标准=违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定=合同无效"的路径展开司法续造。强制性标准不具备"法律属性",并且从技术、效果上讲,强制性标准不得也不能被拟制为《合同法》第五十二条第(五)项法律、行政法规的强制性规定。因此,法律、行政法规的强制性规定并不能作为判断"强制性标准—合同效力"关系的媒介。应当将强制性标准归为其他规范性文件的范畴,其规范合同效力的应然路径应当是《合同法》第五十二条第(四)项社会公共利益。当违反强制性标准且同时损害社会公共利益时,合同无效。《民法总则》施行后强制性标准与合同效力的关系,应当通过《民法总则》关于民事法律行为效力之"是否违背公序良俗"条款进行判断。

The influence of compulsory standard on contract effectiveness is dealt with by the court according to principles that ＂violation of compulsory standard equals violation of law, compulsory regulation of adminis- trative law equals inefficiency of contract＂. Compulsory standard cannot or will not be included in the compul- sory regulation of legal and administrative law of Item 5 of Article 52 of Corttract Law from the perspective of techonology and effect. Compulsory regulation should be attributed into other regulative documents whose reg- ulation of contract effectiveness should be done according to Item 4, social public interest of Article 52 of Con- tract Law. Therefore, compulsory regulations of legal and administrative law should not be used to judge the re- lation between compulsory standard and contract effectiveness. Both violation of compulsory regulation and harm to social public interest lead to the invalidity of the contract. The relation between compulsory regulation and contract effectiveness should be judged according to articles related to civil legal efficiency when dealing with behaviors whether ＂violating public order or custom＂ in General Rules of Civil Law.