法家学说与西汉的皇权主义——以“冠履之喻”为中心的考察

Theory of Legal School and Royalism of West Han Dynasty——A Case Study of “Metaphor of Hat and Shoes”

冠的本义是头部饰具,因先秦儒家的冠礼而具有了等级秩序的象征意义。法家更进一步,将履和冠并提,运用到阐述其尊君思想上,并形成了异于先秦其他诸子的绝对尊君理论。"冠履之喻"也完成了由器物之别到自然之势的象征再到君尊臣卑与社会之势的转变。西汉时期,"冠履之喻"一再被提及,法家的绝对尊君思想得到宣扬,法家学说因此也为西汉时期皇权主义的塑造提供了思想资源。

Hat refers to the decoration on head, which adopts symbolic significance due to the Ritual of Hat in Confucianism before Qin Dynasty. Legalists put shoes and hat together and apply it to the idea of respect for the king, which leads to the theory of respect for the king different from other theories before Qin Dynasty. ＂Metaphor of Hat and Shoes＂ turns from difference of things, to symbolic meaning of natural association, to so- cial difference between respected king and officials＇ inferiority. In West Han Dynast~,, ＂Metaphor of Hat and Shoes＂ is mentioned frequently, and legalists＇ idea is advocated, which provides source of ideas to shape Im- perial authority at that time.