农村土地流转存在问题与行动策略

Rural Land Circulation:Problems and Solutions

当下中国农村土地流转工作正在如火如荼进行,土地规模化、集约化经营取得了一定的效果,但土地流转过程中还存在诸多问题亟需解决。包括土地流转主体错位,地方政府越位、缺位;片面强调经济收入,忽视土地的粮食保障功能;土地流转法律不完备、程序不透明,农民利益得不到保障;片面追求流转规模和比例,土地流转风险难以规避。解决这些问题需要采取以下措施:一是加快制定农村土地经营权流转法律法规,规范流转主体行为,必须确定农民作为土地流转的主体,政府不缺位、不越位,规范土地流转合同,对流入方资格、土地用途和土地面积进行规定,这可以有力地减少流转风险;二是明确市场在土地流转中的决定性作用,保护农民权益。这需要建立起动态的价格确定机制以及土地流转准备金制度;三是监督流转土地使用,严格控制"非粮化"土地流转比例。这需要国家尽早划定永久基本农田以及加大粮食种植补贴和支持的力度来实现。

Problems still exist in land circulation and need immediate solutions： The dislocation of the land circulation subject, local governments exceeding their authorities and ignoring their duties, the overemphasis of economic income, the incompleteness of land circulation law and the unapparent legal procedures, and the one- sided pursuit of large circulation scale. To solve the problems measures should be taken： firstly, the law of rural land transfer should be enacted more rapidly, the land transfer subject standardized, farmers be the subject of land circulation, governments neither exceed their authority nor ignore their duty, land circulation contracts regulat and the behavior of the land transfer subject, the qualification of the recipient party and the use and area ed, of transferred land all stipulated to reduce risks; secondly, the decisive role market plays should be cleared to protect farmers＂ rights and interests, for which the dynamic price determination mechanism and the land transfer reserve system should be established; and thirdly, the use of transferred land should be supervised and the ＂non-grain growing＂ land strictly controlled.