汉语日常会话中邀请行为的序列结构

The Sequential Structure of Invitation in Daily Chinese Conversations

日常生活中,交际者大多是通过语言来执行某一社会行为,从而达到沟通与交流的目的。邀请作为一种特定的社会行为,普遍存在于日常交际中。要成功执行这一行为,交际者对言谈应对的设计就必须满足一定的规则与条件。这些规则与条件就构成了邀请行为的序列结构,是邀请区别于其他社会行为的关键所在。收集50个关于邀请的日常会话语料,运用会话分析的方法,从回应方式、序列特征和序列扩展三个方面总结了汉语邀请行为的序列结构。这些结构不仅展示了交际者如何通过语言来执行特定社会行为,而且体现了人类交际的规律性和复杂性。

Sequential structure is both a concept which is usually used in conversation analysis and the priority of conversation analysis. The sequential structure refers to any type of speech organization that exists in conversation and focuses on the action which is hidden behind the speech and the position where related utterances appear in the speech, for in daily life conversationalists largely use utterances to carry out a social action for the success in communication and interaction. As a specific social action, invitation exists in daily communication universally. In order to perform it successfully the design which conversationalists make for their response to an utterance should meet rules and conditions, and thus the rules and conditions constitute the sequential structure of invitation and also are the key in which invitation differs from other social actions. This paper, which collects 50 invitation-related daily conversation corpuses and adopts the method of conversation analysis, summarizes the sequential structure of invitation in Chinese in the aspects of response, sequential feature and sequential expansion. Such structures not only display how communicators use speeches to perform a specific social action, but also embody the regularity and complexity of human communication.