市场化改革对人力资本外部性的影响研究

Research on the effects of market-oriented reform on the externality of human capital

文章通过对改革开放以来中国市场化进程的剖析,从人力资本产权、劳动力流动与劳动竞争三个维度勾勒出了市场化影响人力资本外部效应的逻辑链条,并运用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP2013)中的城市住户调查数据与1997-2014年中国省级地区的面板数据,分别从微观与宏观两个层面给出了市场化影响人力资本外部效应的经验证据。在微观上,人力资本外部效应显著地受到市场化水平的约束,市场化水平较高城市的人力资本工资溢价显著高于市场化水平较低的城市。在宏观上,省级地区人力资本对地区全要素生产率的外部性影响存在着基于市场化水平的门槛效应,当地区市场化指数高于5.62时,人力资本的技术溢出效应将显著增强。

This paper analyzes Chinese marketization process since the reform and opening up, and it outlines the logic chain of the impacts of marketization on human capital externality. Through adopting the survey data of urban household in Chinese Household Income Project Survey （CHIP2013） and panel data of Chinese provinces from 1997 to 2014, this paper gives empirical evidences for the impacts of marketization on human capital externality from the micro level and micro level. On a micro level, human capital externality is greatly constrained by the level of marketization, since human capital wage premium of cities with high level of marketization is higher than that of cities with low level of marketization. On a macro level, the threshold effect based on marketization level exists in the external influence of human capital in provinces on total factor productivity in regions. When the marketization index is higher than 5.62, the technology spillover effect of human capital will be significantly enhanced.