项目化背景下社会工作机构的竞争策略与潜在风险——消极社会资本视角

Competitive Strategy and Potential Risk of Social Work Agency under the Background of Project System:Negative Social Capital Perspective

社会工作的发展日益依赖于政府、基金会和企业的项目购买,进而演变成为项目化的社会工作。社会工作机构为了获得稀缺的项目资源,围绕社会资本的使用采取私人关系的资本化、融入项目资助方的网络以及在机构之间缔结联盟三种策略来争取项目"代理权",虽然这些策略更可能使社会工作机构成功获得项目资源,但也带来一些潜在风险:外人成本的出现与交易成本的增加、专业自主性遭受挑战和内部分化带来的马太效应。

The development of social work is increasingly dependent on project purchase from the government,foundations and corporations,which makes social work more and more project oriented. This paper points out that in the project-oriented process,aiming to obtain scarce resources,social work agencies may take three strategies to strive for the project＂agent＂,comprising the use of individuals＇ informal networks,acceptance and integration into the purchasers＇ system,and forming alliances with other institutions. Moreover,from the negative social capital perspective,this paper concludes that those strategies help agencies to obtain the project resources,but in the meantime,result in three kinds of risks： increased outsiders cost and overall cost in project purchase; social work professional independence being challenged; and Matthew effect brought by internal division.