美学和历史观点的批评与文艺批评体系的重建

Aesthetics and Historical Criticism and the Reconstruction of Literary Criticism

美学和历史观点批评中的美学观点,是马克思主义关于美和艺术的基本观点,即认为艺术是具有真、善、美融合统一特质的社会意识形式。美学观点不能理解为脱离真实性和思想性的纯审美表现。历史观点为历史唯物主义观点,不能仅理解为作品的历史内容。"美学观点"与"历史观点"的统一,主要表现为关于美和艺术的观点渗透着历史唯物主义精神。美学和历史观点的批评中包含着政治尺度,这种政治尺度与历史进程的尺度是一致的。在关于美学和历史观点的批评中包含着人的尺度。人的尺度基于对人的生存、发展的关怀及对自由和全面发展的人的理想的追求。运用阶级分析切忌简单。与社会主义核心价值观相结合的现实主义文学观,应作为文学批评的标准。

Aesthetics and aesthetic view in the history of criticism is the basic idea of Marxist on beauty and art,and it believes that art is the social consciousness with the characteristics of the integration and unity of trueness,kindness,and beauty. Aesthetic view cannot be regarded as pure aesthetic performance detached from authenticity and ideology. ＂Historical view＂is a historical materialist point of view,and cannot just be understood as the historical content of the work. The unity of＂aesthetic view＂and ＂historical view＂is mainly manifested in the view that beauty and art permeate the spirit of historical materialism. Criticism of aesthetics and historical view contains a political dimension that is consistent with the scale of the historical process,and a human dimension that is based on the pursuit of human survival,development,and the ideal of people who are free and fully developed. Use class analysis should not be simple and the socialist core values combined with the realist view of literature should be used as the criteria of literature criticism.