合宪性原则在风险刑法修改中的运用

Application of Constitutional Principle in the Modification of Risk Criminal Law

宪法是整个法律体系的基石,刑法的制定、修改和解释应以宪法为指针。当前风险刑法立法进程加快,它以犯罪处置早期化为特征,重视平等原则和比例原则所体现的宪法价值,确保权利保障在风险刑法中不至于萎缩。平等原则是合宪性原则的形式审查,比例原则是合宪性原则的实质审查。平等原则在刑法中对性别平等、公私财产平等和行业平等领域有着重要的检视价值。比例原则是合宪性原则的说理工具,以目的正当性为出发点,构建了手段适当(方法有效性)、手段必要(损害最小性)和狭义比例(效果经济性)三公式,具有精致的可操作性和说理性。根据比例原则,相关罪名具有废除或修改的必要。

Constitution is the foundation of the whole legal system,and the formulation,modification and interpretation of criminal law should be based on the constitution. At present,the legislation process has been accelerated for the risk criminal law whose main characteristic is the early disposition of crime. The risk criminal law emphasizes the constitutional value of equality and proportion principles,and ensures that the protection of rights will not shrink. The equality principle is a form of constitutional principle review,while the proportion principle is the substantive review of the constitution principle. The equality principle has important value in the fields of gender equality,equality of public and private properties,and equality of profession in criminal law.Proportion principle is the reasoning tool of constitution principle and uses legitimacy of purpose as the starting point. It constructs the three formulas of appropriate means（ method validity）,necessary means（ minimum damage） and narrow proportion（ economic effect）,and has exquisite operability and rationality. According to the proportion principle,the relevant offenses have the necessity of repealing or revising.