陇中白条党参成药期生长规律研究

Study on Growth Regularity of Codonopsis pilosula during Medicine Formation Period in Middle Region of Gansu Province

目的:研究陇中白条党参成药期生长规律。方法:选用系统观察法,从白条党参定植后60 d开始,每次按序采挖20株,并进行编号,依次检测植株蔓高、叶片数、地上部茎叶鲜重、叶面积系数、主根长度及芦粗、侧根数及长度、根鲜重。试验于3月25日栽植,于6月1日~10月30日,每隔10 d观测一次,并观察其物候变化,于收获期再观测一次。结果:白条党参成药期为营养生长与生殖生长共生阶段,从栽植到收获约220 d左右。由于移栽前期地温低,生长速度缓慢,7月中旬后生长进程显著加快,8月下旬地上部茎叶量最大;白条党参根鲜重增长在8月上旬后显著加快,直到10月上旬为快速增重期;到10月20日后内在质量最好,浸出物含量达到65.2%。结论:气温8~19℃、0~20 cm地温12~15℃,降雨量350 mm左右,为白条党参成药期生长的最佳气候条件。

Objective：To study the growth regularity of Codonopsis pilosula during the medicine formation period.Methods：The growth of the plant was systematically observed.From the 60th day after planting C.pilosula，20 strains plants were sampled and numbered.The plant heights，leaf numbers，fresh weight of over ground part stems and leaves，leaf area index，taproot lengths and diameters，lateral root numbers as well as their lengths，and fresh weight of roots were measured.The experiment started on March 25th，and observation carried out every 10 days from June 1st to October 30th.Besides，it’s necessary to observe its phenological changes.The last observation was during the harvest time.Results：The medicine formation period of C.pilosula was the symbiotic stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth.There were about 220 days from planting to harvest.Due to the low soil temperature of the early transplanting stage，the growth rate was slow.After mid-July，the growth process remarkably accelerated.The amount of stems and leaves of over ground part was the largest in later August.The fresh weight of roots increased extremely fast in early August.Such rapid increase trend of weight lasted until the early October.The best quality of the plants reached its peak after October 20th.And the extract content reached 65.2%.Conclusion：There are three factors of best climatic conditions for the growth of C.pilosula.Namely，the temperature is 8~19 ℃，meanwhile the temperature of soil between 0 cm and 20 cm ranges in 12~15 ℃，and the rainfall amount is about 350 mm.