病毒——昆虫—植物三者互作研究进展及展望

Research Progress and Perspective of Tripartite Interaction of Virus-vector-plant in Vector-borne Viral Diseases

全球气候变暖,极端天气频发,入侵型、新发和重发昆虫传作物病毒病害已经成为限制我国农作物优质高产的主要因素。因缺乏抗病抗虫的种质资源、育种周期长,虫传病害防治难度极大,目前我国农业处于几乎完全依赖化学防控媒介昆虫的被动应付局面,生态与环境成本极大。以往研究虫传病毒病害往往注重病毒和植物寄主两个方面,这些研究为理解作物病毒病害的暴发机制提供了基础知识,但尚未能深入到病害防控的关键节点——媒介昆虫介导的病毒侵染循环这一根本性问题上,导致目前在病毒病害防治实践上缺乏有效抓手。近年来,随着分子生物学和组学研究的飞速发展,以及微观生物学技术和理念对宏观生物学的快速渗透与交叉,病毒—昆虫—植物三者互作机制研究取得了诸多重要进展,在寻找病毒病害流行暴发的宏观生态学现象背后的分子生物学与生物化学机制上取得了长足进步,不但为复杂生态系统多元互作分子机制提供了参考模型,也为通过人工干扰和操纵生物间互作关键节点,从而促进虫传病毒病害的持久防控提供了科学依据和新的有效抓手,变被动应付为主动调控病害灾变过程。文章简要回顾了近年来病毒—昆虫—植物三者互作领域的主要研究进展和发展趋势,并抛砖引玉提出了对未来发展的建议和思考。建议国家组织研究力量,大力加强:(1)大田生产条件下病毒病害发生的多元生物体系互作机制及科学防控科技支撑能力建设;(2)前沿基础和新方法新策略探索及应用平台建设;(3)虫媒病害绿色防控的微生物组学颠覆性技术等方向的探索与突破,力求在虫传作物病毒病害绿色生态防控方面为农业供给侧改革提供强有力的科技创新和支撑能力。

Due to the immobility of plants, around 75% of 1100 plant virus species are piercing-sucking insect transmitted. Host plantmediated interactions between viruses and insects play vital roles in the population dynamics of vectors and the epidemiology of plant diseases. A successful viral pathogen has to evolve multiple strategies to manipulate host immune responses and also the ecological environment to facilitate effective transmission by insect vectors. Among these strategies, reprogramming the plant immune signaling pathways such as phytohormone is critical to the establishment of an effective virus transmission among plants and disease pandemic. Here, we review recent studies on the plant-virus inter-relationships with a focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms that drive vector-borne viral diseases. This knowledge is essential for the further design and/or development of effective and sustainable strategies to protect viral damages so as to increase crop yield and food security. Future efforts in this area should be focused on the followings： 1） understanding the mechanisms of multidimensional interactions of virus-vector-plant-microbiomes under natural and field condition; 2） applying cutting-edge research technologies and novel methods to understand both macro-ecological scope level and micro-level interactions; 3） developing new technology and novel disease protection strategies by applying disease related microbiomes, integrating and meta-analysis of big data generating from dynamics and multiple dimensional pathogen-vector-crop interactions under real agricultural conditions to achieve sustainable protection against plant diseases.