安徽宿松华阳河湖群水生植被恢复试验研究

Aquatic vegetation restoration experiment in Lake Huayang,Susong County,Anhui Province

宿松华阳河湖群作为长江安徽段典型的通江湖泊构成了我国东部地区的生态屏障。从2015年3月起,为了加强湿地保护,恢复水生植被,在宿松华阳河湖群建立了水禽栖息地、人工辅助自然恢复区和湖滩地封滩育草区3种类型面积为183 hm^2的示范工程试验区,采用生物工程技术措施,开展湖泊水生植被恢复重建技术研究。经过1个生长周期的生态重建研究和试验,在示范工程试验区内建立了挺水植物、浮水植物和沉水植物群丛14个。水生植被恢复监测结果表明,菰群丛的盖度达到90%,生物量达到10.57 kg/m^2;莲群丛的盖度达到95%,生物量达到2.05 kg/m^2。人工种植的沉水植物苦草以及浮水植物芡实和菱角在人工播种后早期能够发芽长出幼苗,后期受渔业影响而逐渐消失。因此,重建与恢复湖泊水生植被可以优先构建沿岸带挺水植物菰群丛和莲群丛,可通过控制渔业养殖强度和水文条件,逐步恢复浮水植物和沉水植物。

Susong Huayang Lake, as the typical linking lakes of the Yangtze River, is one form of the ecological barrier in the eastern China.It has a surface area of 183 hm2.In order to strengthen wetland protection and restoration of aquatic vegetation, from March 2015, three types of ecological reconstruction experiments have been carried out.Main applied measurements include cultivating Zizania latifolia seeding, Nuphar pumilum seeding, Nelumbo nucifera rhizome, broadcasting Trapa quadrispinosa fruit, Vallisneria natans fruit, Euryale ferox seed and so on.The results showed that the seeding of Zizania latifolia and Nuphar pumilum can grow well with 14 aquatic macrophyte association being set up.The coverage of Ass.Zizania latifolia and Ass.Nelumbo nucifera are 90% and 95%, respectively, while the biomass of Ass.Zizania latifolia and Ass.Nelumbo nucifera are 10.57 kg/m2 and 2.05 kg/m2, respectively.All the Trapa quadrispinosa fruits, Vallisneria natans fruits and Euryale ferox seed can germinate early and form seedling, but gradually disappear affected by the fishery.According to the result of this study, it is important to rehabilitate Ass.Zizania latifolia and Ass.Nelumbo nucifera in littoral of lakes, and to facilitate the grow of submerged plant communities and floating plant communities by controlling the fishery breeding intensity, hydrological conditions, and establishing submerged macrophytes and floating macrophytes in the lake.