作为国际经济学家的马克思

Marx as an International Economist

从现代国际经济学的角度看,马克思被视为国际经济学家的直接原因是,在他的经济学说中,包含着现代国际经济学的基本内容——国际贸易理论、国际金融理论、生产要素国际移动理论和经济一体化理论：马克思曾经分析过对外贸易对利润率的影响及其原因,并且已经察觉到了国际贸易与国际直接投资之间的联系,不仅如此,国际价值理论是国际贸易理论的重要组成部分之一,马克思的劳动价值论就是一种以世界市场为前提的国际价值理论,并构成其国际贸易理论的基础;马克思曾对英、法经济学家的国际货币金融理论进行过评价,并指出了被他们所忽视的国际经济中汇率的影响因素及其与利率之间的关系这一现代国际经济学中的基本问题,而且,由于他的虚拟资本理论对于国际金融危机的成因及其实质仍然具有很强的解释力,2008年世界金融危机爆发之后,西方学术界不少人将其视为一位具有远见卓识的国际金融学家;马克思所指出的两个使利润率平均化的过程进行得更快的必要条件是,资本和劳动力在生产部门或生产地点之间的转移＂更容易＂或＂更迅速＂,并分别对实现这两个条件的前提进行了分析,他所说的资本和劳动力在不同地点之间的转移就包括在不同国家之间的移动,所以,他的这一理论就是其生产要素国际移动理论;马克思和恩格斯早就在《共产党宣言》中指出,随着资本主义经济的发展,必然导致从国内经济一体化到国际经济一体化、再到世界经济一体化的结果,这就是他们在经济一体化问题上的超前意识,也正是因为如此,很多现代西方经济学者将《共产党宣言》视为一部经济学著作。

From the perspective of modern international economics, Marx is regarded as an international economist. The direct cause is that his economic theory includes the basic content of modern international economics-international trade theory, international finance theory, theory of international mobile factors of production and economic integration. Marx has analyzed the impact of foreign trade on profit the rate and the reasons, and has been noticed the relationship between international trade and international direct investment. Not only that, the international value theory is an important part of the theory of international trade is one of the Marx＇s labor theory of value is a prerequisite to the world market as the internation- al value theory, and it forms the basis of international trade theory; Marx told the British economist of the international monetary and financial theory of evaluation, and points out that they are the basic problem, the relationship between the impact of exchange rate factors ignored in the international economy and the interest rate of the modern international economics and the origin and essence of his theory of fictitious capital for the international financial crisis still has a strong explanatory power, in 2008 after the outbreak of the world financial crisis, the western academic circles a lot of people will be regarded as a visionary international financial experts; two of the average rate of profit in the process of Marx pointed out was a necessary condition for faster, is the capital and labor in the production department or the production location between ＂the easier＂ or ＂more quickly＂, and on the realization of the two premise the analysis, he said the transfer of capital and labor in different locations between the packets in different countries before moving, so his theory is The international transfer of the factors of production theory; Marx and Engels early in the ＂Communist Manifesto＂ pointed Out that with the development of capitalist economy, the inevitable result from domestic economic integration into the international economic integration, the integration of the world economy, which is in their economic integration of advanced consciousness. It is also because of this, many modern western economic scholars of the ＂Communist Manifesto＂ as a book in economics.