欧盟汽车碳排放标准政策实施经验及对我国的启示

Experience of EU Automobile Emission Standard Policy Implementation and Its Enlightenment to China

欧盟以碳排放指标为引领,构建了包括目标制定与分配、监测报告核查体系、惩罚机制等内容的汽车供给侧转型政策体系,不仅显著降低了新车碳排放水平和道路交通实际碳排放,还有效促进了欧盟汽车行业绿色低碳转型。与欧盟供给侧监管政策相呼应,英国积极引导汽车消费转型,汽车需求结构取得显著优化。本文借鉴欧盟和英国经验,提出用碳排放指标引领我国汽车行业供给侧转型、发挥市场主体作用、统筹协调供需两侧结构调整和政策制定等政策建议。

EU has established the automobile supply-side policies system including the industry target, MRV system and punishment rules based on carbon emission indexes. The regulation policy has significantly reduced the carbon emission of new cars and road transport, and effectively accelerated the low-carbon transition of EU automobile industry. Consistent with the EU supply-side regulation, UK has strengthened automobile demand-side guidance and acquired significant reduction effects. Based on the EU/UK experience, we put forward some policy suggestions for Chinese automobile industry, including promoting the supply-side transition by carbon emission indexes, giving full play to the markets effects, coordinating the structure adjustment between the supply side and the demand side.