p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶与糖尿病发生发展的研究进展

Research development of p38 MAPK and the pathogenesis of diabetes

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联反应是细胞内的主要信息传递系统,能够将细胞外的刺激信号转导入细胞核,参与细胞生长、发育、分化和凋亡的过程。目前已发现3条MAPK信号转导通路,p38 MAPK通路是其中之一。p38蛋白分子具有4种亚型和6种异构体,不同亚型在各种组织细胞中有着不同的广泛表达。p38 MAPK通路能被MAPK激酶双重磷酸化和自体磷酸化两种方式调控,能激活多种蛋白酶,参与调节多种蛋白的生物作用。过度激活p38 MAPK通路能诱导胰岛β细胞凋亡,还能调节外周IS,影响IR,从而参与糖尿病的发生发展。本文就p38 MAPK通路的调节、激活,对糖尿病发生发展的研究进展进行文献复习和综述。

Mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） cascade reaction is a major intracellular signal transduction system. It could transport stimulating signal through cell membrane, thus it contributes to cell growth, development, differentiation and apoptosis. To date, three MAPK transduction pathways have been discovered, and p38 MAPK pathway is one of them. The molecular of p38 has four subtypes and six isomers. Different subtypes are extensively expressed in various kinds of tissues and cells, p38 MAPK pathway could be regulated by the double phosphorylation of MAPK kinase and self-phosphorylation. This pathway could activate various protein kinases,and take part in regulating the biological function of many proteins. The over-activation of p38 MAPK pathway could lead to apoptosis of pancreas islet β cells, and influence the insulin sensitivity （IS） of peripheral organs, which could result in insulin resistance （IR） and contribute to the development of diabetes. This brief review summarized the research development about p38 MAPK pathway and its relation with the pathogenesis of diabetes.