克制如何可能?集体维权中确保行动理性的因素分析

Does Restraint Success？ Factor Analysis of Action Rationality in Collective Rights Safeguarding Activities

集体抗争行动大都比个体自救行为更为理性,其原因有四个方面：一是代表化的利益表达模式使普通参加者被排除在许多诉求行动的现场之外,情绪免受维权效果不好、诉求双方关系紧张的即时影响,这可减少大规模极端行为的发生;二是由于内部管理规则的约束作用,它使抗争组织具备一定的商议流程和议事程序,有助于规范参与者的行为;三是行动精英对复杂民意的刻意转化,使之更符合体制的基本要求,避免与官方主流价值观念出现本质冲突;四是由于自保型搭便车现象的存在,它表现为参加者在高风险行动中既临阵退缩,又期望他人勇往直前,对实施激烈的维权方式始终保持冷静和克制。

Collective protest behaviors often appear more rational than self- rescue, and its reason consists of four aspects： First, it＇s representational interest expression model that keeps common participants away from action locales, and common participants＇emotion could be free from immediate effect of negative rights-safeguarding consequence ＆ bad relationship between protest parties so that large-scale extreme behaviors be avoided; Second, restrictive function of internal management rules could regulate the participants＇ behaviors as it allows protest organization to have certain discussion procedures; Third, the action elites intend to converse complex public opinion into new one to make it conform with the basic requirements of system and avoid the essential conflict with officials; Finally, due to the phenomenon of hitchhiking of self-protection, participants tend to chicken out while expect others to move forward, which allows themselves to keep calm and restrained when facing fierce rights-keeping activities.