儿童多囊性肾发育不良的影像学表现及CT诊断分析

Imaging Findings and CT Diagnosis of Children with Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

目的总结儿童多囊性肾发育不良的影像学表现及CT诊断价值。方法收集我省2010年1月至2016年7月收治的经临床及影像学证实的MCDK患儿16例作为研究对象展开回顾性分析,对患儿的检查方法及影像学表现进行总结。结果 CT平扫可见肾脏呈葡萄串状低密度影,由大小不等、数量不一的囊腔构成,囊肿间有不相通的分隔。增强扫描囊肿未强化,间隔中度强化,延迟扫描对比剂未进入囊内。MRI扫描患肾内均可见较多T1WI呈低信号、T2WI呈高信号的囊状影,囊壁及分隔显示清晰,囊肿T1WI、T2WI均呈等信号;MRU示患肾呈多个大小不等的孤立囊性高信号影,囊间不互通。静脉肾盂造影检查患肾均未显影。结论 MCDK的CT和MRI均有明显影像学特征,CT增强扫描利于良好显示发育不良的小肾脏,囊壁及分隔等实质部分可见中度强化,基本可诊断该病。

Objective To summarize the imaging findings of children with multicystic dysplastic kidney and evaluate the diagnostic value of CT.Methods The clinical data of 16 children with clinical and imaging con：finned MCDK treated in our hospital between January 2010 and July 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The exanfination methods and imaging findings were summarized.Results CT plain scan showed that there was grape cluster-like low density shadow in kidney, composed of unequal size and different number of cysts and there was not communicated separation between cysts. Enhanced scan showed that there was no enhancement of cyst, moderate enhancement of separation. Delayed scan showed that the contrast agent did not enter the capsule. MRI scanning showed that in kidney, there were many low signals on T1WI, high signal cystic shadow on T2WI. The cystic wall and separation were clearly displayed. There were equal signals on both cyst T1WI and T2WI. MRU showed that the kidney of patient displayed a number of different sizes of isolated cystic high signal shadow, and there was no exchange between capsules. Intravenous renal pelvis radiography examination showed that the kidneys were not developed.Conclusion CT and MRI of MCDK have obvious imaging characteristics. CT enhanced scanning is good for displaying poorly developed small kidneys, cystic wall and separation and other parenchyma parts. The disease can be basically diagnosed.