铁路机车司机室前方视野盲区的研究

Research of the Front Blind Area in Locomotive Cab

铁路机车司机室中立柱和侧立柱在前方视野中形成的盲区对行车安全和行车品质有着重要的影响,盲区的位置和大小直接影响司机的瞭望作业和对突发事件的处理。在现有UIC和我国铁路行业标准中缺乏对机车司机室前方视野盲区相关定义和判定方法,因此如何在铁路机车驾驶界面设计阶段对前方视野盲区进行合理设计和评估,已经成为机车司机室人机交互设计中的一个难题。在分析不同载运工具对视野盲区研究的基础上,对机车前方视野中立柱和侧立柱视野盲区进行了定义,建立了基于相关标准约束的盲区计算模型,提出了一种基于观察行为的视野盲区确定方法,并给出了计及头部转动视线的求解算法。在此基础上对司机室视野盲区进行了分类,对不同类型视野盲区的表示方法以及在弯道瞭望时前方视野中的中立柱和侧立柱水平宽度的参数设计进行了探讨。

The blind area formed by center pillar and side pillar in the front view of railway locomotive cab has an important effect on the traffic safety and driving quality. The size and location of the blind area directly affect the outlook assignments and handling of emergencies of driver. Due to the lack of related definitions and determination methods about front blind area in locomotive cab in the existing UIC and China＇s railway industry standards, thus how to give a proper design and assessment of the front blind area in the design phase of driving interface has become an issue in the designing of locomotive cab human machine-interface. This paper has given the definition of blind area formed by center pillar and side pillar based on the analysis on the research of blind area in different vehicles. Established the calculation model based on the related standard constraint, proposed a determination method based on observing behavior, and give the algorithm of the sight considering the rotation of head. On this basis, a classification of the blind area is proposed, the representation of different kinds of blind area is given, and discussed the parameter designing of the horizontal width of center pillar and side pillar in front view in curve outlook.