不同粒形宁夏水稻种质遗传多样性分析

Analysis of genetic diversity of rice with different grain shapes in Ningxia

针对宁夏粳稻粒形逐渐变长的趋势,本研究以75份宁夏不同粒形的粳稻种质为材料,利用31对SSR标记研究不同粒形材料的粳稻种质的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系,为拓宽宁夏水稻遗传基础,培育优新品种提供依据。宁夏水稻粒形有阔卵形(1.80~2.20)、椭圆形(2.20~3.00)、中长形(3.00~3.30)和细长形(3.30以上)4种类型,虽然大多数为椭圆形(61份),占参试材料的81.3%,但粒形表现多样化。按籽粒长宽比把参试材料分为6个组群进行遗传多样性分析,Nei’s基因遗传多样性指数(He)表现为籽粒长宽比2.20~3.20之间的4个群体较高,均在0.5481~0.5768之间;籽粒长宽比2.20以下和3.20以上群体的He较小,且与其它4个群体呈显著差异性。结果表明遗传多样性相对较丰富的宁夏水稻种质资源主要集中在籽粒长宽比2.20~3.20的椭圆形和中长形之间。聚类分析表明,籽粒长宽比在3.20以上群体单独聚为1类,籽粒长宽比2.80~3.20群体也单独聚为1类,其余4个群体聚为1类,表明粒形性状的多样化对拓宽宁夏稻种资源具有一定的作用。

In this paper,the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Japonica japonica rice germplasms were studied by using 31 pairs of SSR markers with 75 different Japonicarice germplasms in Ningxia.The objective is to broaden the genetic basis of Japonica japonica rice and provide the basis for cultivating excellent new varieties.There are four types of Ningxia rice grain shapes,which are broadly ovate shape（1.80 to 2.20）,oval shape（2.20to3.00）,medium-length shape（3.00 to 3.30）and elongated shape（3.30 and above）.Although most of the varieties are the oval（61）,accounting for 81.3% of the reference materials,the grain shapes are diversified.The grains tested according to the aspect ratio of the material,and six groups are divided to analyze genetic diversity.Compared with other groups,Neis genetic diversity index（He）was higher from 0.5481 to 0.5768 than those of the other groups.The result showed that the genetic diversity of Ningxia rice germplasm is relatively abundant and mainly concentrated in the oval grains and medium-length grains with aspect ratio of2.20～3.20 in Ningxia rice germplasm.Cluster analysis showed that the grain groups with aspect ratio of above 3.20 or more groups can be clustered into ClassⅠ,the grain groups with aspect ratio of 2.80～3.20 groups can be clustered as ClassⅡ,and the remaining four populations can be clustered into Class Ⅲ.The results indicated that the diversification of grain shapes can broaden the resource of Ningxia rice.