不同养分管理措施下萝卜的产量效应和养分利用效应比较

Effects of different nutrient management practices on yield and nutrient utilization of radish

采用田间小区试验方法,比较了优化施肥和农民常规施肥两种不同的养分管理模式下当地主栽萝卜品种的产量及养分吸收利用效应。结果表明:在当地土壤肥力条件下,与农民常规施肥相比,氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)养分量分别减施16.3%,59.5%及14.3%,根据萝卜生育特性进行运筹的优化施肥处理萝卜产量没有显著变化,萝卜养分累积量随生育期的变化趋势也未受到明显影响,但缺氮、磷、钾的PK、NK、NP处理均会显著降低萝卜产量及养分累积量,氮对萝卜产量及氮、磷养分的累积量影响最大,磷次之,钾最小,对萝卜植株钾养分累积量的影响则以氮最大、钾次之、磷最小。与农民常规施肥相比,优化施肥更有利于地下部磷钾养分的积累,氮、磷、钾肥表观利用率分别提高了21.4%,63.1%及41.1%,氮、磷、钾肥料偏生产力分别显著增加了27.3%,151.1%和18.8%,氮、磷肥的农学效率分别显著增加了17.9%,145.6%,且优化施肥处理在肥料投入成本降低33%的情况下收益增加了2776元/hm2。由此可见,根据土壤地力和萝卜养分需求特性进行的优化施肥处理在保证产量的基础上,可显著提高经济效益和生态效益。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of conventional fertilization and optimized fertilization on yield and nutrient utilization of radish.The results showed that,compared with conventional fertilization,the radish yield in optimized fertilization had no significant change,and the radish nutrient accumulation along with growth period was not obviously influenced.However,the yield and nutrient accumulation of radish in the treatments without applying nitrogen,phosphorus or potassium significantly reduced.The supplement of nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest influence on radish yield and the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus,the next factor was phosphate,and the least influence was potash.Nitrogen fertilizer also had the greatest influence on the accumulation of potassium nutrient,the next factor was potash,and the influence from phosphate was the least.Optimized fertilization wasbeneficial to promote the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in fleshy roots.Compared with conventional fertilization,the fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in optimized fertilization were increased by 21.4%,63.1% and 41.6%,the partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were increased by 27.3%,151.1% and 18.8%,and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus were increased by 17.9% and145.6%,respectively.Under the condition of reducing fertilizer input cost by 33%,the profit of radish in optimized fertilization increased by 2776 RMB per hectare.In conclusion,optimized fertilization determined by the soil fertility and nutrient demand characteristics of radish is an important guarantee of yield and environmental benefit.