3类苹果资源遗传多样性的SSR对比分析

Genetic diversity analysis of three apple populations by SSR markers

以18个新疆野苹果优系、23个鲜食苹果品种和7个苹果砧木品种为材料,对3类苹果资源的遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行分析,并对不同SSR引物的效率值进行对比分析,同时应用定位到17条染色体的80对SSR引物对3类苹果进行分析。总计扩增出254个位点,多态性位点百分率为99.61%,平均每对引物扩增位点8.47个。3类苹果多态位点百分比高低关系为新疆野苹果>砧木苹果>鲜食苹果;Neis基因多样性、Shannons指数和有效等位基因的高低关系为砧木苹果>新疆野苹果>鲜食苹果。聚类结果显示,48个品种分为鲜食苹果、新疆野苹果和苹果砧木3类,在0.68处,鲜食苹果和新疆野苹果聚到一起,说明二者有相对较近的遗传关系。新疆野苹果遗传多样性较高,鲜食苹果最低;鲜食苹果起源于新疆野苹果;不同引物的遗传参数差异较大,选择的引物效率值不同,说明引物选择的重要性。

The 18 Malus sieversii superior clones,23 varieties of fresh apples and 7apple rootstocks were used as materials to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of3 kinds of apple resources.The efficiency values of different SSR primers were also contrasted and analyzed.80 pairs of SSR primers localized on 17 chromosomes were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 3kinds of apple resources.There were 254 loci that were amplified,in which the percentage of polymorphism loci was as high as 99.61%.Specifically,each pair of primers could detect 8.47 polymorphic loci in average.The decreasing order of polymorphic loci percentage of the 3kinds of apple is Xinjiang wild apple〉 rootstock apple〉 fresh apple.The order levels of Nei＇s gene diversity,Shannon＇s index and effective alleles were rootstock apples 〉Xinjiang wild apples 〉fresh eatable apple cultivars.Cluster results showed that 48 samples were divided into three groups,which are fresh apple,Xinjiang wild apple and apple rootstock.At the level of 0.68,fresh apples and Malus sieversii apple clustered together,which indicated the close genetic relationship between the two species.The genetic diversity of Xinjiang wild apples were the highest,while the fresh apples were the lowest.Fresh apples o-riginated from Xinjiang wild apples.Genetic parameters and primer efficiency of each primer pairs were quite different,having different efficiency values,which indicated the importance of primer selection.