超声与颅内压监测和脑血流动力学评估

Ultrasound in intracranial pressure monitoring and cerebral hemodynamics assessment

超声可以通过中线结构位移、视神经鞘直径、经颅多普勒频谱形态和测量数值定性定量监测颅内压力改变。经颅多普勒超声或经颅彩色多普勒超声可实时监测脑血流特征,尤其是可提供脑血管反应性和脑血管自动调节功能的重要信息。重症超声通过颅内压监测和脑血流调节功能评估与反映脑代谢活动的颈静脉球血氧饱和度、反映脑电及功能活动的持续脑电图监测从不同层面提供信息,共同组成脑血流动力学监测的重要内容,帮助临床准确评估颅脑血流动力学指导治疗和协助预后判断。

Ultrasound can qualitatively and quantitatively monitor the changes of intracranial pressure through cerebral midline displacement, optic nerve sheath diameter, transcranial Doppler spectrum and the measurements. Transcranial Doppler or transcranial color Doppler can monitor the real-time characteristics of cerebral blood flow, and provide important information of cerebrovascular reactivity and the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Critical ultrasound, which can monitor the intracranial pressure and the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow, together with jugular venous oxygen saturation which reflects the cerebral metabolic activity, and continuous EEG which reflects the electrical and functional activity of brain, constitute the important contents of cerebral hemodynamic monitoring, which helps evaluate the cerebral hemodynamics accurately, guides therapy, and predicts the prognosis.