养老机构老年人疏于照顾现状及影响因素研究

Current Status of the Aged Neglected Care and Its Influencing Factors in Pension Institutions

目的探讨城市养老机构老年人疏于照顾现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 2015年9—12月,选取于内蒙古赤峰市11所城市养老机构中居住的老年人为研究对象。采用自行设计的《养老机构老年人一般资料调查表》《改良版巴氏指数量表》《疏于照顾指标量表》开展调查。结果本研究共发放问卷318份,回收有效问卷310份,有效回收率为97.5%。老年人改良版巴氏指数得分为2~100分,平均(82.2±21.7)分,其中完全依赖8名(2.6%),重度依赖14名(4.5%),中度依赖19名(6.1%),轻度依赖173名(55.8%),完全自理96名(31.0%)。老年人疏于照顾指标量表得分为0~11分,疏于照顾发生率为25.2%(78/310)。单因素分析显示,不同文化程度、月固定收入、收入来源、子女数、子女探视间隔时间、体育锻炼、近1年体检、有无脑卒中、所在养老机构性质、日常活动能力情况的老年人疏于照顾发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,体育锻炼[OR=0.358,95%CI(0.179,0.717)]、近1年体检[OR=0.383,95%CI(0.207,0.710)]是老年人疏于照顾的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论养老机构老年人疏于照顾的发生率较高,参加体育锻炼和定期体检是养老机构老年人发生疏于照顾的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the current status of the aged neglected care in urban pension institutions and analyze its influencing factors. Methods The aged people living in the 11 pension institutions of the Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia were recruited during September to December in 2015. The Elder＇ s Demographic Data Questionnaire,the Modified Barthel Index Questionnaire and the Neglected Care Index Questionnaire were used in this research. Results In this research,318 questionnaires were distributed and 310 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective recovery rate of 97. 5%. The score of Modified Barthel Index was ranged from 2 to 100,and the average score of it was（ 82. 2 ± 21. 7）. The aged fully dependent on care accounted for 2. 6%（ 8/310） of all the aged,heavily dependent on care accounted for 4. 5%（ 14/310）,moderate dependent on care accounted for 6. 1%（ 19/310）,mild dependent on care accounted for 55. 8%（ 173/310）,and the self-care aged accounted for 31. 0%（ 96/310）. The score of Neglected Care Index was ranged from 0 to 11. The rate of aged neglected care was 25. 2%（ 78/310）. The univariate analysis showed that, there was statistical significance of the proportion of neglected care aged among the groups of different education degree, regular income per month, the source of income,number of children,visiting frequency from the children,physical exercise state,physical examination in recent 1year,having stroke or not,the ownership of the pension institutions and activity of daily life（ P〈0. 05）. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, physical exercise state [OR = 0. 358,95% CI（ 0. 179,0. 717） ] and physical examination in recent 1 year [OR = 0. 383,95% CI（ 0. 207,0. 710） ]were influencing factors of the aged neglected care（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The rate of aged neglected care in the pension institutions is relatively high. Attending physical exercise and physical examination are the protective factors of the aged neglected care.