长期步行和太极拳锻炼对老年人情绪面孔识别和记忆的影响

Effects of Long-term Walking and Taichi Exercise on Emotional Face Recognition and Memory in the Elderly

研究目的:研究长期步行和太极拳锻炼对老年人情绪面孔识别和记忆的影响,探讨情绪面孔效价与长期步行和太极拳锻炼改善老年人情绪面孔识别、记忆的关系。研究方法:按照年龄和运动习惯,招募被试63人,其中,青年不运动对照组(青年对照组)16人、老年不运动对照组(老年对照组)15人、老年步行锻炼组(老年步行组)16人、老年太极拳锻炼组(老年太极组)16人。采用情绪面孔"学习-测验"范式,测定被试情绪(负性、中性)面孔识别和记忆能力。结果:1)老年对照组情绪面孔识别的正确率显著小于青年对照组(P<0.001);老年步行组、老年太极组显著大于老年对照组(P<0.05、P<0.05);老年步行组与老年太极组相比无显著差异。2)老年对照组、老年步行组、老年太极组情绪面孔识别的反应时均显著大于青年对照组(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05),老年步行组、老年太极组与老年对照组相比无显著差异,老年太极组与老年步行组相比无显著差异。3)老年对照组情绪面孔记忆的正确率显著小于青年对照组(P<0.01);老年步行组正确率显著大于老年对照组(P<0.05);老年太极组与老年对照组相比无显著差异;老年步行组的正确率显著大于老年太极组(P<0.05)。4)老年对照组、老年步行组、老年太极组情绪面孔记忆的反应时均显著大于青年对照组(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.01),老年步行组、老年太极组与老年对照组相比无显著差异,老年太极组与老年步行组相比无显著差异。结论:老年人对负性、中性情绪面孔识别和记忆的能力下降;长期步行、太极拳锻炼都能增强老年人情绪面孔识别能力;长期步行锻炼改善了老年人对情绪面孔的记忆能力。情绪效价对老年人情绪面孔识别/记忆的影响与青年人相似。

Objective： To determine the effects of long-term walking and Taichi exercises on emo- tional face recognition and memory, and analyze the relationship between polarity of emotional face and the effects of walking/Taichi exercise on emotional face recognition and memory in the elderly. Method： Sixty three subjects were divided into four groups： young sedentary control group （n=16）, old sedentary control group （n=15）, old walking exercise group （n=16）, and old Taichi exercise group （n=15）. ＂Study-test＂ model was used to investigate the effects of exercises on emotional face recognition and memory. Results： 1） The correct rate in the old sedentary control group was lower than that in the young sedentary control group （P〈 0.001）~ the correct rate in the old walking exercise group and the old Taichi exercise group was higher than in the old sedentary control group respectively （P〈 0.05, P〈 0.01）, respectively. 2） The latency of recognizing the emotional face in the old sedentary control group, the old walking exercise group, the old Taichi exercise group was significantly higher than in the young sedentary control group （P〈 0.01, P〈 0.01, P〈 0.05）, respectively. 3） The correct rate of retrieving the emotional faces in the old sedentary control group was significantly lower than in the young sedentary control group （P〈 0.01）, the correct rate of recognizing the emotional faces in the old walking group was significantly higher than in the old sedentary control group （P〈 0.05）. The correct rate in the old walking group was significantly higher than in the old Taichi group （P〈 0.05）. 4） The latency of retrieving the emotional faces in the old sedentary control group, the old walking group, and the old Taichi group was significantly higher than in the young sedentary control group, respectively. Conclusions： There is a decline for the elderly to recognize and memorize the emotional （negative/neutral） faces. Long-term walking/Taichi exercise can improve the emotional face recog-nition in the elderly： long term walking exercise improve the emotional face memory in the elderly. Emotion polarity may have similar influence on emotional face recognition/memory in the elderly as in the young.