孕期体力活动与健康促进:过去、现在与未来

Physical Activity and Health Promotion during Pregnancy:The Past,Present and Future

对国内、外孕期体力活动与健康促进的历史发展、研究现状进行梳理与总结。国际社会对孕期体力活动的推荐在经历30多年发展后,取得了长足的进步,从最初严格限制孕期的运动类型、强度和持续时间,到承认高强度有氧运动可行性,再到最近呼吁孕期体力活动推荐应更"精准化"这样一个时代发展脉络。研究认为,孕期体力活动对妊娠结局、子代和母体的长远健康都有积极的意义,中等强度的体力活动具有较低的孕期并发症风险。在此基础上,总结和归纳了孕期体力活动与健康促进研究的未来研究趋势:通过干预性实验和大样本、长时间的流行病学调查,彻底厘清孕期体力活动与表观遗传、慢病预防的生理、生化机制;借助体育科学、围产医学、社会心理学和环境行为学等多学科、多领域的交叉与合作,探索孕期体力活动的自我效能提升策略;流行病学主客观相结合的测量方式是未来孕期体力活动测量的主要方向,且方法应更具准确性与实用性;开发适合我国国情的孕期体力活动推荐量,有利于提升国民整体健康水平,对全民健康促进有着积极的意义。

This paper summarizes the historical development and research status of physical activ- ities and health promotion at home and abroad during the pregnancy. The recommendations of the international community on physical activities during pregnancy have made considerable progress after three decades of development, from the initial strict restrictions on the type, intensity and du- ration of exercise, to the recognition of the feasibility of high-intensity aerobic exercises and then to the recent appeal of the ＂precise＂ pregnancy physical activities as an era of the developmental context. The study suggests that physical activities during pregnancy have a positive effect on the long-term health of pregnancy outcomes, offspring and mothers, and moderate intensity physical ac- tivities have a lower risk of complications during pregnancy. Based on this precondition, conclusion and induction regarding the future research trends of physical activities and health promotion during pregnancy are offered in this paper. Through the intervention experiment, the collection of large sam- ples, and long-term epidemiological investigation, this dissertation clarifies the physical activities, epigenetic mechanism during pregnancy, and the physical and biological mechanisms of chronic dis- ease prevention. With the help of physical education and perinatal medication, social psychology, en- vironmental behavior and other disciplines can enhance the self-efficacy of physical activity during pregnancy through multi-field cross and cooperation. The method of combining the subjective and objective epidemiology is the main direction of measuring the physical activities in the future, and the method should be more accurate and practical. Developing the recommended physical activities suitable for the China＇ s national conditions is conducive to enhance the overall health of the people, and is of positive meaning for the national health promotion.