花桥典型地块景观格局及植被群落结构指数评价与制图研究

LANDSCAPE PATTERN ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION AND MAPPING OF VEGETATION COMMUNITY STRUCTURE INDEX OF TYPICAL PLOT IN HUAQIAO

自然过程是规划过程的重要维度。与中国法定规划体系相衔接的生态单元分类、评价系统的构建,是生态研究与城乡规划之间的一座桥梁。选取昆山花桥为研究对象,以2010年Landsat遥感数据TM影像图为主要数据源。在城乡生态单元制图的基础上,从区域景观格局的宏观角度分析城市化、乡村以及城乡交错带三类典型地块的生态用地特征。研究表明:城市水体形态过于笔直、公园绿地分布过于集中,城乡交错带水体破碎化严重、人工景观呈集聚状的发展趋势,乡村地块水体受农业活动影响严重、农田景观应重点保护等。进而从微观角度进行植被群落结构指数评价,作为生态信息的重要补充。根据植被指数图谱可得花溪公园附近的植被群落结构指数较高,河道两侧的线性连续性整体尚佳,植被群落结构丰富,而道路两侧的植被较为单一等。旨在提供一种城市生态评价体系,从宏观到微观,从生态格局分析到植被群落结构评价,希望能更清晰的反映不同区域之间的生态价值差异,为城乡绿地系统规划提供生态基础性数据。

The natural process is an important dimension of the urban planning process. Construction of the ecological unit classification and evaluation system which is in line with China＇ s statutory planning system is a bridge between ecological research and rural-urban planning. The study selected Huaqiao as the research object based on the 2010 Landsat remote sensing data TM image. Based on the rural-urban ecological unit mapping, this paper analyzed the characteristics of ecological land of three typical plots in urbanization, countryside and rural- urban ecotone from the macro perspective of regional landscape pattern. The results indicates that urban water bodies are too straight and the distribution of park green space is too concentrated. Wate~ fragmentation in rural- urban ecotone are serious and artificial landscape agglomeration is obvious. Water in rural areas is seriously affected by agricultural activities and farmland landscape should be focused on protection. Then this paper evaluated the vegetation community structure index from the micro perspective, as an important supplement to ecological information. According to the maps, the vegetation community structure index around Huaxi Park is higher. And the linear continuity on both sides of the river is overall good, being rich in vegetation community structure. But the vegetation on both sides of the road is relatively simple. This paper aims to provide a city ecological evaluation system from macro to micro scales and from the analysis of ecological pattern to the evaluation of vegetation community, and also to reflect more clearly the differences in ecological values between different regions, and provide ecological basic data for planning of rural-urban green space system.