风力机叶片面内振动的主动控制研究

Active control of edgewise vibrations in wind turbine blades

针对风力机叶片面内方向振动建模和控制问题,采用欧拉-拉格朗日法建立力学模型描述旋转叶片动态及塔架动态;采用分布式参数考虑了叶片的空气动力属性、分布式质量及刚度以及重力和离心刚化的影响;对叶片和塔架的耦合,发电机转矩对塔架振动的影响也进行了建模。为了减小整个叶片的振动,设计空间H∞控制器来抑制振动,在每个叶片叶尖安装一对主动拉索,在面内振动方向产生主动控制力,以减少振动幅值。利用Matlab/Simulink平台,建立NREL-5 MW机组模型并进行数值仿真,其结果显示出整个叶片振动幅值的减小,显示了所提出的控制策略及执行器布置,能有效地抑制由叶片上连续分布的实变风载荷引起的振动。

This paper proposes the modeling and control of edgewise vibrations in wind turbines. A mathematical model describing the dynamics of flexible rotor blades and their interaction with the tower is formulated using a Euler-Lagrangian approach. The model describes the dynamics of edgewise vibrations considering the aerodynamic properties of the blade,variable mass and stiffness per unit length and taking into account the effect of centrifugal stiffening,gravity and centrifugal stiffening due to the rotation of the blades. The effects of generator torque and the interaction between the blades and the tower are also taking into account. Spatial H∞is used to construct the controller that guarantees a level of disturbance rejection over the entire structure. The control is based on a pair of actuators/active tendons mounted inside each blade,allowing a variable control force to be applied in the edgewise direction. A 5-MW three-bladed Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine model has been carried out using Matlab/Simulink. Results show that the proposed control scheme significantly improves the response of the blade and promising performances can be achieved.