日本的家元制度与家族企业的家业传承

The Iemoto System and Family Business Succession of Family Firms in Japan

日本是世界上长寿企业最多的国家,而且日本的长寿企业中绝大多数是家族企业。从社会文化学的角度追本溯源,日本社会以家元为主导的独特家族制度是日本家族企业成功实现家业传承并能长期存续的关键要因。根植于日本家族企业深层结构中的家元制度有效地解决了家业传承中难以解决的社会信任问题,而且,在这种家元制度的影响下,日本家族企业的家业传承更多地凸显出企业的公器属性,而非狭义地执着于血缘关系的企业私有性质,由此,日本的家族企业能够成功地传承家业,有效地吸纳整个社会的优秀经营人才和商业智慧,实现家族企业的长期存续和发展。

Japan is the country that has the largest number of long - lived firms in the world, and among those long - lived firms, the absolute majority are family firms. The root cause from the soeio - cultural perspective is that the iemoto dominated family system, which is unique in the Japanese society, crucially leads to the successful business succession and sustainability of the Japanese family firms. The iemoto sys- tem underlying the deeper structure in Japanese family firms solves effectively the dilemma of social trust during the family business succession, and under the iemoto system, the business succession of the Japa- nese family firms mainly illustrate the public attributes of the firms, not the private ones caused by adhe- ring to the family blood ties, thus, the Japanese family firms can achieve successfully business successions by affectively attracting the elite management talent and business wisdom of the whole society, to realize the long- term sustainability and development.