行政决策专家论证制度的反思与重构

Reflections on and the Reconstruction of the System of Expert Argumentation and Evaluation for Administrative Decisions

行政决策专家论证的制度价值在于提高行政决策科学性,防止行政决策的随意性和促进政府与公众互动。在制度运行中出现了专家失灵的现象,表现在专家角色严重错位、专家观点的理性局限和专家论证的过度参与。其原因在于专家组建机制和组成结构不合理、专家论证制度程序性规定缺失和专家权利义务规范性不够。我国行政决策专家论证制度应从确保专家论证独立性、实现专家权责统一和确保专家论证有效性等方面进行重构与完善。

The system of expert argumentation and evaluation for administrative decisions is to improve the science of government decisions,avoid the randomness of the decisions and promote the interactivity between the government and the public.However,in the process of applying the system,there exists the problem of the expert failures,namely,the misplacement of the expert roles,the rational limitation of the expert views and the exceeding participation of the expert.The causes for these problems are the inappropriate establishment and structure of the expert group,the lack of proper procedures in the expert argumentation and evaluation as well as the inadequate stipulation of the expert right and obligation.The system of expert argumentation and evaluation for administrative decisions should be restructured and improved by maintaining the independence of the expert consultancy and argumentation,guaranteeing the unity of the rights and obligations of the expert and ensuring the effectiveness of the expert argumentation and evaluation.