中国制造业外包对劳动力需求弹性及就业的影响

Impact of China's Manufacturing Outsourcing on Labor Demand Elasticity and Employment

研究目标:探讨不同形式制造业外包对劳动力需求弹性的影响。研究方法:利用投入产出表和联合国贸易数据测算制造业发包水平FH和接包水平VS,结合工业企业数据,研究制造业外包对两类劳动力需求弹性的影响。研究发现:制造业外包水平的提高显著增大了劳动力自身需求弹性和交叉需求弹性,接包的提升作用更明显;制造发包和服务发包对两类弹性影响并不相同;劳动力自身调节可减缓全球化带来的冲击,劳动密集型企业、加工贸易企业所受冲击更为明显。研究创新:首次从微观角度探讨制造业外包对两类弹性的影响,并对制造外包和服务外包进行比较。研究价值:用发展中国家的数据验证了Rodrik(1997)假说,对于有效解决中国全球化过程中的就业问题有重要启示。

Research Objectives： To explore the effects of different forms of manufacturing out- sourcing on labor demand elasticity. Research Methods： Based on the input-output matrices and the Comtrade Database, we calculate FH and VS of China＇s manufacturing industry, and study the impact of manufacturing outsourcing on two types of labor demand elasticity using micro data. Research Findings： Outsoureing of manufacturing industry significantly increases own demand elasticity and cross demand elasticity, it is more obvious from the insourcing perspective; the impact of manufacturing outsourcing and service outsourcing on two kinds of elasticities is different; labor own adjustment can slow down the impact of globalization, labor intensive enterprises and processing trade enterprises are more obvious. Research Inno- vations： The first time to explore the impact of manufacturing outsourcing on the two types of elasticities from the micro perspective, and make a comparison between manufacturing outsourcing and service outsoureing. Research Value： To verify the Rodrik （1997） hypothesis using developing country data, which has an important elieitation to solve the employ- ment problem in the process of globalization.