双面国家:“国家知识”的人类学阐释——基于与西方国家中心主义范式的比较研究

The Double-faced State: The“knowledge of the State”through Anthropological Interpretation in Contrast to the “Definition of the State” in the Western Political Paradigm

在历经20世纪70年代"找回国家"的范式转换后,西方政治学重新将"国家"置于研究的中心位置。但是,这种以韦伯式定义为基础的国家中心主义在描述现实国家时却陷入了一种难以"自圆其说"的悖论之中,"强国家"的理论预设并不能解释全球化时代复杂多样的国家形态。人类学视野中的国家是一种"双面国家":它由统一性的国家观念与碎片化的国家实践组成并为二者的互动结构所塑造。人类学将"文化"和"普通人"带回国家研究,在跨文化比较的框架内理解国家观念与国家实践的互动关系,由此为国家中心主义的"国家悖论"提供一种文化意义上的解释。与西方政治学的国家中心主义范式相比,人类学的"国家知识"强调国家的动态性、矛盾性与文化相关性。

After the ＂Bring the State in＂ paradigm shift in the 1970s, the State occupies central position again in the study of western political science. However, the state-centered doctrine based on Weber＇ s definition of ＂the State＂ is being confronted with narrating crises due to failure in interpretation of the State in reality. The State is presented as ＂double-faced＂ in anthropology： it is composed of ＂the State Idea＂ and ＂the State Practice＂ and is molded by the interactional structure between them. Anthropology brings culture and common people into the study of the State and understands interaction between the State Idea and the State Practice within the framework of cross-cultural cultural interpretation for ＂the paradox western political science, anthropology and the cultural relevance of the State. comparison. Based on this, anthropology provides a of the State＂ in western political science. In contrast to emphasizes the dynamic nature, the contradictoriness