种族、阶层与南非高等教育机会不平等--开普敦大学招生政策变迁的社会学研究

Race,Class and Inequality in Opportunity for Higher Education in South Africa: A Sociological Study on the Change in Enroll-ment Policy in the University of Cape Town

种族和解以来,在开普敦大学,以种族为基础的招生政策并没有改变高等教育机会不平等问题,白人仍然占据大部分教育机会。由于阶层分化加剧,黑人中产阶层家庭的学生拥有比来自弱势家庭、弱势学校的黑人学生高得多的教育机会,种族内部的高等教育机会不平等问题日渐凸显。此外,白人弱势群体的子女也逐渐被排斥在精英高等学府之外,新的种族间高等教育机会不平等问题开始出现。为应对高等教育机会不平等从种族到阶层的新变化,开普敦大学以阶层为基础,建立起包括申请人的家庭语言、父母和祖父母的教育背景、申请人的家庭是否依赖政府救助,以及基础教育学校条件等指标为一体的复合型招生政策,以促进高等教育机会的公平化。

Based on empirical research from the University of Cape Town, we found that racebased admissions policies did not change the inequality of access to higher education; whites still dominate most educational opportunities. As class differences increase, applicants from black middle-class families have more access than applicants from disadvantaged schools and disadvantaged families. Thus, inequality within ethnic groups has become prominent. In addition, some white applicants from disadvantaged schools and disadvantaged families are gradually being excluded from elite universities. New inequalities in opportunity for higher education are beginning to emerge. In response to the new trend of unequal access to higher education, the University of Cape Town adopted a new class-based admissions policy to promote equity in education, including the applicant＇ s family language, parents＇ and grandparents＇ educational backgrounds, whether the applicant＇ s family rely on government assistance, and the quality of the applicant＇ s school from which they receive basic education.