戒毒人员的营养状况分析及营养饮食干预对戒毒人员身体状况的影响

Nutritional status of drug addicts and influences of nutritional diet interventions on the physical conditions of drug addicts

目的分析戒毒人员的营养状况,探讨营养饮食干预对戒毒人员身体状况的影响。方法分析2015年3月~2016年6月在第四军医大学军事预防医学系营养与食品卫生学教研室的戒毒人员100例,根据其是否发生营养不良,将其分为营养不良组(n=65)和非营养不良组(n=35),采用简易营养评价法(mini nutritional assessment,MNA)对戒毒人员进行营养状况调查,并对其实施营养饮食干预,统计分析所有戒毒人员营养状况评价结果、干预前后营养状况指标及身体状况变化情况。结果 2组戒毒人员性别、毒品类型、吸食方式基本相同,无明显差异(P>0.05);戒毒人员年龄及吸食时间与其发生营养不良有关(P<0.05);戒毒人员营养饮食干预后身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、血红蛋白、总蛋白、上臂围及小腿围均明显高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);戒毒人员营养饮食干预后疲倦、食欲丧失、失眠、气促及便秘、腹泻症状评分明显均低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论戒毒人员普遍存在营养不良问题,实施营养饮食干预能有效改善其营养状况和身体状况,促进康复治疗。

Objective To analyze nutritional status of drug addicts and explore influences of nutrition and diet interventions on the physical conditions of drug addicts. Methods One hundred drug addicts were selected from March 2015 to June 2016 in department of nutrition and food hygiene, department of military preventive medicine of the Fourth Military Medical University. All drug addicts were divided into malnutrition group（n=65） and non-malnutrition group（n=35） according to whether or not it occured malnutrition. Simple nutritional assessment（MNA） was used to investigate nutritional status of drug addicts who were given nutritional diet interventions. The evaluation results of nutritional status, nutritional status indexes and physical conditions of all drug addicts before and after interventions were statistically analyzed. Results Two groups were similar in sex, drug type and smoking way with no significant difference（P0.05）. The age and drug use time of drug addicts were related to malnutrition（P0.05）. The body mass index（BMI）, hemoglobin, total protein, upper arm circumference and calf circumference of drug addicts after nutritional diet intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention, and the differences were statistically significant（P0.05）. The scores of fatigue, loss of appetite, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea and shortness of breath symptom after nutritional diet intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention, and the differences were statistically significant（P0.05）. Conclusions Drug addicts generally have malnutrition problems, and the implementation of nutrition and diet interventions can effectively improve their nutritional status and physical conditions, and promote rehabilitation treatment.