福建仙游县环境介质中化学元素的分布特征

Distribution of chemical elements in soil and drinking water in Xianyou County

[目的]比较仙游县胃癌高、低发地区土壤、饮用水及大米中环境化学元素含量,了解它们的分布特征。[方法]课题组于2014年随机抽取有代表性的胃癌高发乡镇7个,低发乡镇5个,每个乡镇各抽取2~3个村,进行土壤(99份样本)、饮用水(99份样本)、大米(53份样本)的采样,运用原子荧光光谱法测定各样本的硒、砷、汞元素,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定各样本的钙、铁、镁、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、钼、镉、钡、铅元素含量。分析胃癌高、低发地区土壤、饮用水、大米中化学元素的含量差异及其意义。[结果]胃癌高发区土壤中钙、镁含量中位数水平低于低发区(P<0.05);饮用水中硒和砷未检出,胃癌高发区饮用水中钙、镁、锰、钴、镍、钡及铅的质量浓度中位数水平低于低发区(P<0.05);胃癌高发区大米中钼含量的中位数水平和锌铜比低于低发区,而镁、锰含量的中位数水平高于低发区(P<0.05)。[结论]仙游县胃癌高、低发区土壤、饮用水及大米中钙、镁等元素存在一定差异。

[ Objective ] To compare the contents of environmental chemical elements in soil, drinking water, and rice in areas with high and low mortalities of gastric cancer in Xianyou County, and describe the distribution of the elements. [ Methods ] Representative towns with high （7 towns） or low （5 towns） mortalities of gastric cancer were randomly selected in Xianyou County. Samples of soil （n=99）, drinking water （n=99）, and rice （n=53） were collected from 2-3 villages of each town. Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine selenium （Se）, arsenic （As）, and mercury （Hg） in each sample. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine calcium （Ca）, iron （Fe）, magnesium （Mg）, manganese （Mn）, cobalt （Co）, nickle （Ni）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn）, molybdenum （Mo）, cadmium （Cd）, barium （Ba）, and lead （Pb） in each sample. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the difference and significance of the contents of chemical elements in soil, drinking water, and rice samples between areas with high and low mortalities of gastric cancer. [ Results ] The median contents of Ca and Mg in the soil samples collected in high-mortality areas were lower than those in the low-mortality area （P〈0.05）. Se and As in drinking water were not detected. The median mass concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Ba, and Pb in drinking water samples collected in high-mortality areas were lower than those in the low-mortality areas （P 〈 0.05）. The median content of Mo and the ratio of zinc to copper in rice samples collected in high-mortality areas were lower than those in the low-mortality areas, whereas the median Mg and Mn contents were higher （P〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] In areas with high and low mortalities of gastric cancer in Xianyou County, such elements as Ca and Mg are different in soil, drinking water and rice.